Self-determination helps young adults with autism succeed

New research suggests setting personalized goals early in adolescence and providing opportunities to achieve those goals can improve independence for young people with autism.

The independence that comes with growing up can be scary for any teenager, but for young adults with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers, the transition from adolescence to adulthood can seem particularly daunting.

Tasks such as managing one’s own health insurance or applying for a car loan can prove especially challenging for individuals with developmental disabilities.

For the new study in Autism, researchers measured the self-determination of young adults with autism to better assist their transition to adulthood.

“We found that there was a disconnect between the support the caregivers are providing and what the young adults are doing themselves to become more independent,” says Nancy Cheak-Zamora, associate professor in the health sciences department in the School of Health Professions at the University of Missouri.g

“We need to allow adolescents, particularly those with disabilities, to take on greater responsibilities at an earlier age and raise their expectations by first asking them about their goals and then providing the resources and support systems to help them achieve those goals.”

Cheak-Zamora partnered with 5 autism clinics across the country to survey more than 500 caregivers of young adults with autism between the ages of 16 and 25. She worked with undergraduate and graduate students to analyze the results and found that many young adults with autism struggle to achieve independence.

Increasing self-determination for young adults with autism starts with shifting the perception about what individuals with developmental disabilities can achieve, Cheak-Zamora says.

“As a society it would be helpful to move away from a focus on deficits and challenges that people with autism and other disabilities face to considering their strengths and skill set. We can then develop ways to help each person build on their strengths.”

“For example, many with autism are incredibly detail-oriented. So, let’s think about job opportunities that require very detailed work so they can use that skill as an asset to succeed in employment. Not only will the individual benefit, but society as a whole will as well.”

Cheak-Zamora recommends that parents and caregivers provide all adolescents, including those with developmental disabilities, with opportunities to experience mastering a task, such as cooking, shopping, managing money, or driving.

The US Department of Defense funded the work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agency.

Source: University of Missouri

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