Both the public’s and political experts’ perceptions of the health of US democracy declined during the period of President Donald Trump’s impeachment, a new survey finds.
Bright Line Watch, an academic watchdog group, conducted its latest survey between March 12 and April 15.
Since February 2017, Bright Line Watch, a nonpartisan group of political scientists, has surveyed the American public as well as colleagues in academia in an effort to gauge the relative well-being of the nation’s democracy. The group has monitored US democratic practices and potential threats.
Assessing US democracy
The Bright Line Watch surveys consist of a two-part list of more than 25 statements of democratic principles that contribute to the overall stability and performance of American democracy. The first part asks citizens and experts to rate these democratic principles on how vital they are for democracy. The second part asks both citizens and experts how the US is performing on each of these principles.
Among the experts, the latest survey recorded 63.4 on a 0-100 scale of US democratic performance—the worst overall rating since Bright Line Watch started asking these questions in 2017.
During the last year, the experts’ ratings dropped on 15 of the 27 surveyed democratic principles, while none showed improvement. The biggest declines in performance relate to accountability, institutional checks and balances, and the rights and protections of individuals.
Ratings among the public show a similar decline, dropping from 54.3 in March 2019 to 49.3 a year later. Both expert and public evaluations mark substantial declines from a peak after the 2018 elections, which the team attributes to “an apparent increase in legal and political checks on President Trump following the 2018 midterm election, including investigations into the administration and the President’s associates by law enforcement officials and Congress.”
Meanwhile, the recent declines continue the trend already observed in the group’s October 2019 survey. That drop came after the whistleblower report on Trump’s Ukraine phone call.
Worth noting is that the decrease in public ratings is driven by Americans who disapprove of the president. For this group, assessments of democracy declined between March and October 2019 and remained low in the most recent survey. By contrast, ratings were stable among Trump approvers, the team writes in its latest survey.
Key findings of the survey
The survey found that:
- Experts rated American democracy as performing sharply worse in March 2020 than in March 2019, the group’s last survey before the impeachment process began.
- Experts gave a lower rating to performance on democratic principles mainly related to impeachment.
- Compared to a year ago, experts were more skeptical that investigations of public officials were free of political interference.
- Experts do not regard the impeachment as having constrained President Trump. On the contrary, they identify many actions he and his allies took during the impeachment process as abnormal, and indicate that the process as a whole will embolden Trump substantially, an effect that may also extend to future presidents.
The survey of the general public showed that:
- Americans remain divided in their evaluation of the performance of US democracy.
- The views of those who approve of President Trump have remained stable over the past year.
- Those who disapprove of the president perceive a decline in democratic performance.
- The gap between the two groups is widest on principles of citizen equality and on checks on executive authority.
“We cannot establish any firm causal connections between real-world events and expert responses,” says Gretchen Helmke, a political science professor at University of Rochester who is part of Bright Line Watch. “But the fact that the biggest declines correspond to measures related to accountability and checks and balances means our latest results are certainly consistent with the concern that the impeachment and acquittal of President Trump has had negative consequences for the experts’ perceptions of the health of American democracy.”
The scientists found strong consensus among the expert sample that the results of the impeachment and subsequent acquittal would embolden President Trump (79%) and that the effect would similarly embolden future presidents (59%).
“In our system, checks and balances often function mainly as deterrents,” Helmke says. “If politicians no longer believe that they will be sanctioned for pushing—let alone breaking—the law, then future transgressions become that much more likely.”
However, the Bright Line Watch team cautions that the survey was conducted under the long shadow of the novel coronavirus. While the results are largely consistent with past surveys, it is too early to tell how the pandemic might have influenced survey responses.
Source: University of Rochester
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