Brains may signal who’ll benefit from workouts for depression

It may be possible to predict which young adults would benefit most from behavioral therapy and exercise as a treatment for major depression, according to a new study.

Like previous studies, the new research also showed that aerobic exercise helps young adults with major depression.

“Our study needs to be replicated, but the precision medicine approach of predicting who may or may not benefit from exercise as an antidepressant is provocative,” says senior author Brandon L. Alderman, an associate professor in the kinesiology and health department at Rutgers University–New Brunswick.

“We also need to know whether exercise has a similar antidepressant effect in younger adolescents and in adults with more treatment-resistant forms of depression who have not responded well to traditional treatments, including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy.”

Researchers examined assessments of cognitive control and reward-related brain activity, two facets of brain function that are impaired in people with depression.

Cognitive control means processes that allow adjustments in behavior to help achieve goals and resist distractions. Reward processing (or reward-related brain activity) reflects the response to rewarding stimuli or outcomes and the ability to process and then modulate your response to positive and negative outcomes, such as loss. Deficits in reward processing have been linked to multiple psychiatric conditions, including major depression, and may reflect anhedonia—the loss of interest in or inability to experience pleasure in cases of depression.

Many people with major depression, a complex disease, do not respond favorably to evidence-based treatments. Depression symptoms include feelings of hopelessness, irritability, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

People suffering from depression often seek effective treatment using a trial-and-error approach. They move in and out of various treatments, including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapies, Alderman says.

The researchers studied 66 young adults with major depression, focusing on aerobic exercise and its impact on depressive symptoms. Three times a week for eight weeks, some participants did moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and others did light-intensity stretching. Depression symptoms fell by 55% in the aerobic exercise group versus 31% in the light-intensity stretching group.

While aerobic exercise did not influence reward processing or cognitive control, people with better reward processing when the study began were more likely to successfully respond to exercise treatment.

The study appears in Psychological Medicine. Additional coauthors are from Rutgers, Florida State University, and the University of Virginia Health System. A scientist at Purdue University also contributed to the study.

Source: Rutgers University

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