Fewer young adults drink than 20 years ago

Fewer college-age Americans drink alcohol compared to nearly 20 years ago, according to a new study.

Between 2002 and 2018, the number of adults aged 18-22 in the US who abstained from alcohol increased from 20% to 28% for those in college and from about 24% to 30% for those not in school, researchers say. And alcohol abuse among both groups decreased by roughly half.

However, the study found that the number of young adults using marijuana, as well as co-using alcohol and marijuana, has increased.

Young adults, alcohol, and marijuana

Overall, the mixed findings show more positive than negative trends for alcohol and marijuana use and misuse among this age group, but the progression still bears close monitoring, the researchers say.

The study in JAMA Pediatrics examines how alcohol and marijuana abstinence, co-use, and use disorders have changed in 18-to-22-year-olds as a function of college status, using data from a nationally representative survey of 182,722 young adults. It also looked at prescription drug use and misuse as a function of alcohol and marijuana use, from 2015 to 2018.

The researchers were particularly surprised at the drop in alcohol use and misuse.

“We’re encouraged by the significant decreases in alcohol use disorder—for both college and noncollege students,” says lead author Sean Esteban McCabe, director of the Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health at the University of Michigan School of Nursing.

“The prevalence of alcohol use disorder in both groups in 2018 was roughly half of what it was in 2002. We are excited to learn about these drops in disordered drinking, as alcohol-related consequences are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity for young adults.”

Coauthor Ty Schepis, professor of psychology at Texas State University, says “even with increases in marijuana use disorder and co-use of alcohol and marijuana, there is a lot of hope in our study’s results.”

“Points of concern that deserve more attention are the rise in co-use of alcohol and marijuana, as we know that polysubstance use can have more negative consequences and be more difficult to treat,” he says.

The study also found that more than three-fourths of those who had disordered use of both alcohol and marijuana reported past-year prescription drug use and illicit drug use, while the majority reported prescription drug misuse.

Changing landscape of substance use

The findings indicate that the substance use landscape has changed over the past 20 years, with more young adults using or misusing several different substances, as opposed to just marijuana or alcohol.

“For example, from 2015 to 2018, only 2.5% of young adults who abstained from both alcohol and marijuana reported misusing prescription drugs, while 25.1% of co-users misused prescription drugs,” Schepis says. “That is a tenfold difference with potentially dangerous consequences.”

Abusing multiple substances is often more dangerous than abusing a single substance.

“Interventions that focus solely on one substance will be less effective than interventions that take a more holistic polysubstance use perspective,” McCabe says. “The findings of our study reinforce the complex task health professionals have of detecting and developing effective interventions to reduce consequences associated with polysubstance use, such as co-use of alcohol and marijuana.”

Schools and employers may require more resources to scale interventions to address both young adults with and without a disorder, including screening and brief interventions for co-use of alcohol and marijuana, McCabe says.

“The finding that abstinence is increasing among college students and young adults not in college is very important for US colleges and universities to take into account moving forward,” he says. “These findings reinforce the importance of the need to support those young adults in recovery and abstinence for other reasons. There are over 1 million US young adults in recovery and a wide variety of resources are needed to support these individuals.”

The National Institute on Drug Abuse funded the work.

Source: University of Michigan

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